Germanium yog dab tsi

Germanium yog cov khoom siv tshuaj nrog lub cim Ge, atomic tooj 32, atomic hnyav 72.64. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm thib 4 thiab IVA pawg nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm cov tshuaj. Germanium yog greyish-dawb semimetal, ci, tawv, thiab belongs rau tsev neeg carbon. Nws cov khoom siv tshuaj zoo ib yam li cov tin thiab silicon hauv tib tsev neeg. Nws yog insoluble hauv dej, hydrochloric acid, thiab dilute caustic alkali kua, tab sis soluble nyob rau hauv aqua regia, concentrated nitric acid los yog sulfuric acid. Nws yog amphoteric, yog li nws yog soluble nyob rau hauv molten alkali, peroxide alkali, alkali hlau nitrate los yog carbonate, thiab kuj nyob rau hauv cov huab cua.
Hauv qhov xwm txheej, muaj tsib qhov ruaj khov nuclides ntawm germanium: 70Ge, 72Ge, 73Ge, 74Ge, thiab 76Ge. Nws reacts nrog oxygen saum 700 degree los tsim GeO2, thiab reacts nrog hydrogen saum 1000 degree. Cov hmoov zoo germanium tuaj yeem hlawv hauv chlorine lossis bromine. Germanium yog ib qho zoo heev semiconductor thiab yuav siv tau rau high-frequency tam sim no nrhiav tau thiab alternating tam sim no rectification. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem siv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob infrared, cov cuab yeej precision, thiab catalysts. Germanium tebchaw tuaj yeem siv los ua cov phaj fluorescent thiab ntau lub iav uas muaj qhov ntsuas siab refractive.
Germanium, tin thiab txhuas yog nyob rau tib tsev neeg nyob rau hauv lub periodic rooj. Ob qhov tom kawg tau tshawb pom thiab siv los ntawm cov neeg thaum ub, thaum germanium tsis tau mined ntawm kev lag luam rau lub sijhawm ntev. Qhov no tsis yog vim hais tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm germanium nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust yog me me, tab sis vim hais tias nws yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau dispersed ntsiab nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust, thiab muaj tsawg heev ores muaj germanium.